AZIZ ATIK TENSES
Simple Present
affirmative
|
negative
|
interrogative
|
I take
You take
He takes
She takes
It takes
We take
You take
They take
|
I don’t take
You don’t take
He doesn’t take
She doesn’t take
It doesn’t take
We don’t take
You don’t take
They don’t take
|
Do I take?
Do You take?
Does He take?
Does she take?
Does it take?
Do we take?
Do you take?
Do they take?
|
Simple Past
affirmative
|
negative
|
interrogative
|
I
You
He
She took
It
We
You
They
|
I
You
He
She didn’t take
It
We
You
They
|
I
you
he
Did she take?
it
we
you
they
|
*The verb ‘to do’ helps all the verbs, except to be, in simple present and simple past, in negative and interrogative sentence (look at the table above)
When do we use simple present and simple past?
Simple present is used for:
*Facts:
Wood floats on water
The sun rises from the east.
*Habits:
I don’t wake up early in the morning.
My father smokes
*General statements
My mother doesn’t speak English.
I love couscous
*Conditional type 1
If she passes the exam, her father will buy her a car.
If you don’t attend my party, I’ll be angry.
Simple past is used with:
*Yesterday/last night/last year/last Tuesday….etc./……ago.
I slept early ‘last night’.
We didn’t have English ‘last Monday’, because the teacher didn’t come.
*Conditional type 2
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a car.
If you spoke English, you would find a job so easily.
Present Continuous :
affirmative
|
negative
|
interrogative
|
I am taking
You are taking
He is taking
She is taking
It is taking
We are taking
You are taking
They are taking
|
I am not taking
You are not taking
He is not taking
She is not taking
It is not taking
We are not taking
You are not taking
They are not taking
|
am I taking?
are you taking?
is he taking?
is she taking?
is it taking?
are we taking?
are you taking?
are they taking?
|
Present continuous is used for:
*An action that is happening at the moment of speaking; it is used with expressions such as: now, at the moment, at present
A : What are you doing ‘now’?
B: I’m taking a shower
Listen! It‘s raining ‘now’.
My mother is preparing delicious cakes ‘at the moment’.
They are talking to each other on the phone ‘now’
A] Exercise: Put the verbs between brackets into simple present, present continuous, or simple past form
1] Sorry, but my father (be)………………….busy now; he (talk)…………………..on the phone.
2] Be quiet, the baby (sleep)………………………………
3] Yesterday, I (go)………………………..to Nador, because I (have)………………something to do there.
4] Teacher: why (you/ be)……………………..absent last Monday morning?
Student: I’m sorry sir; I (have)…………………….a terrible headache; that’s why I (not/come)……………………….. . I hope it won’t happen again.
5] I can’t go out for a walk now, because it (rain)……………………………
6] My uncle (smoke)………………………a lot; he (cough)………………….constantly.
7) Stop disturbing me at the moment; I (try)………………….to sleep.
8) Candle (melt)…………….on fire.
9) I (not/eat)……………….anything yesterday, because I (have)……………………a terrible stomachache.
10) My friend always (come)……………. to the classes late in the mornings; he (not/wake)……………………..up early.
Past Continuous :
affirmative
|
negative
|
interrogative
|
I was taking
You were taking
He was taking
She was taking
It was taking
We were taking
You were taking
They were taking
|
I was not taking
You were not taking
He was not taking
She was not taking
It was not taking
We were not taking
You were not taking
They were not taking
|
was I taking?
were you taking?
was he taking?
was she taking?
was it taking?
were we taking?
were you taking?
were they taking?
|
Past continuous is used with:
*’while’ for an action that was happening in the past when another action suddenly happened.
‘While’ we were taking lunch yesterday, suddenly the light went off.
‘While’ the teacher was explaining the lesson last Monday, the school headmaster knocked at the door and we all stood up.
*For an action that was in progress in the past
A: What were you doing this time yesterday?
B: I was studying ;and what about you?
A : I was driving to Nador.
B] Exercise: Put the verbs between brackets into simple past or past continuous
1] I (have)…………………dinner when you (phone)…………………me last night.
2] While I (talk)…………………..on the phone yesterday, suddenly a thief (snatch)………………it from my hands and [run]…………………..away.
3] Your friend: What (you/ do)……………………….when the light (go)…………….off last night?
You: I (do)……………………….my homework.
4] I (play)………………………football when it (start)……………..raining last Sunday.
5) While I (walk)……………………….downtown yesterday evening, I (come)…………………….across one of my old friends.
6) He (not/watch)……………………. his favourite cartoon yesterday, because he (have)……………………….too much homework to do.
Present Perfect:
affirmative
|
negative
|
interrogative
|
I
You have taken
He
She has taken
It
We
You have taken
They
|
I
You haven’t taken
He
She hasn’t taken
It
We
You haven’t taken
They
|
I
have you taken ?
he
has she taken?
it
we
have you taken?
they
|
Present perfect is used with:
‘For’ and ‘since’ for an action that happened in the past and continued to the moment of speaking
My father has been a teacher since 1995.
I have known her for more than ten years.
*Adverbs such as: never, ever, yet, already.
Have you ever travelled abroad?
I have never smoked.
I haven’t finished yet.
My sister has already taken her breakfast.
*Difference between ‘present perfect’ and ‘simple past’, look at the following examples :
He was a doctor (he is not a doctor now)
He has been a doctor for two years (he is still a doctor)
C] Exercise: Put the verbs between brackets into simple past form or present perfect.
1] I am so hungry; I (not have)…………………….my lunch yet.
2] My aunt (be)…………………..a nurse since she (be)…………….only 20 years old.
3] Your friend: (you/ever/see)………………………………. a lion?
You: No, never. I have seen it just on TV
4] Samia (travel)………………………..to USA
5] I (have)……………………..this pair of shoes for a year.
6) My hands are clean; I (already/wash)……………………….them.
Past perfect:
Form: had+ verb (past participle) for all persons: had taken
Past perfect is used with:
*’until’, ‘before’, ’after’, ‘already’,’ when’, ‘as soon as’ for two actions that happened in the past and one action preceded the other
After I had taken my breakfast yesterday morning, I went out. (the action of taking breakfast happened before the action of going out)
We didn’t hand in our writing papers until we had made sure that there were no spelling mistakes.(the action of making sure…..happened before the action of handing in the writing papers)
As soon as the thief had stolen the money, he ran away. (the action of stealing the money happened before the action of running away).
When my father arrived home last night, I had already slept. (the action of sleeping happened before the father arrived).
D] Exercise: Put the verbs between brackets into simple past or past perfect:
1) We (not/sleep)…………………………….last night until the film (finish)…………………….
2) Morocco (already/get)…………………………its independence when my father (be)……………………..born.
3) It (rain)……………………….much last year. It (never/happen) ………………………before.
4) My brother [get]…………………………. a job before he [get]…………………. his Master degree in 2007.
5) When I [arrive] ……………………..home yesterday evening, my uncle [leave]………….. ………….a few minutes before.
FUTURTE PERFECT:
Form : will have+ verb (past participle) : will have taken
Future perfect is used for :
*a complete action in the future
Example: By next august, I will have already finished the exam (it means that by this time,
the action will have already taken place, and I will be on holiday)
* Difference between future perfect and future simple
Future perfect is mainly used with expressions, such as by+ time expression, in ten year’s time, this time next year to refer to a complete action in the future; whereas future simple merely refers to an action that will take place in the future without any indication of completion.
By the end of this year, I will have completed my study.
By 2020, doctors will have developed a cure to AIDS.
This time next year, my father will have retired.
E] Exercise: Put the verbs between brackets into future perfect or future simple]
1] In a fortnight’s time, we (take)………………………………………….our exam
2] By this time tomorrow, we (have)…………………………………….our tests back.
3] By the time you get there, they (finish)…………………………………………their speeches and everybody (go)……………………………………….
4] Don’t worry, I (do)……………………………………my best to help you get out of this dilemma. By the time you come back from your travel, I (settle)………………………………the issue
5] The doctor has told me that if I continue with my diet, I (lose)………………………………..10 kilos by the end of the month.
6] Tomorrow I (attend)………………………………a conference about AIDS in Rabat. Scientists believe that by the end of this century, we (find)………………………………………cures to all life-threatening diseases.
7] By the middle of this century, diseases (probably/disappear)………………………………………
8] By the end of 2020, most of the African highly skilled scientists (return)……………………… to their homes. By this time, their governments (provide)………………………………………… them with the same working facilities as in USA or Europe.
Which tenses do the speaker use most in these beautiful songs?
“I Swear” by John Michael Montgomery “Sailing“-Rod Stewart lyrics
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